Ответ:

1)

n, k = map(int, input().split())

if n % k == 0:

   print(n // k)

else:

   print(n // k + 1)

2)

x1, x2, x3 = map(int, input().split())

if x1 < x2 and x1 < x3:

   print((max(x2, x3)-x1)*2)

elif x1 > x2 and x1 > x3:

   print((x1 - (min(x2, x3))) * 2)

else:

   print((abs(x1-x2))*2 + (abs(x1-x3))*2)

3) не решил

4)

y = input()

s = sum([int(i) for i in y])

c = 0

for m in range(1, 13):

   if m == 1 or m == 3 or m == 5 or m == 7 or m == 8 or m == 10 or m == 12:

       for d in range(1, 32):

           d = sum([int(i) for i in str(d)])

           m = sum([int(i) for i in str(m)])

           if (d + m) == s:

               c += 1

   elif m == 2:

       if int(y) % 4 == 0:

           for d in range(1, 30):

               d = sum([int(i) for i in str(d)])

               m = sum([int(i) for i in str(m)])

               if (d + m) == s:

                   c += 1

       else:

           for d in range(1, 29):

               d = sum([int(i) for i in str(d)])

               m = sum([int(i) for i in str(m)])

               if (d + m) == s:

                   c += 1

   else:

       for d in range(1, 31):

           d = sum([int(i) for i in str(d)])

           m = sum([int(i) for i in str(m)])

           if (d + m) == s:

               c += 1

print(c)